During the production process, Mr. Nguyen Van Cuong, Thuan Nam village, Thuan An commune, Lam Dong province discovered a strange coffee tree with many outstanding advantages in his family's coffee garden, so he tried to propagate it.
Based on the characteristics of the tree, he named it "coffee vine". Up to now, this coffee variety has been recognized as a parent tree, specially circulated, and widely propagated and sold on the market.
In 1993, when harvesting coffee, Mr. Cuong discovered a coffee tree in the garden that showed many strange signs compared to the existing coffee area, so he marked it to monitor the growth and development of the tree. Through care, monitoring and after several harvests, he realized that this coffee tree had large fruits, was easy to pick, had long drooping branches, was resistant to fungus, had outstanding productivity and especially was drought-resistant, suitable for local climate and soil conditions. He grafted and improved all 1,000 coffee trees in the garden.
By 2000, after 3 years of grafting and renovation, the coffee garden had grown well, the main harvest period yielded double the yield, far exceeding the yield of the old coffee garden and much higher than the coffee yield of local households. Mr. Cuong said: "I named this variety "vine coffee", originating from the characteristics of the tree with long branches, few small branches, when fruiting, the entire branch droops softly like a long vine". According to him, this coffee variety has many outstanding advantages such as many reserve branches, easy to care for, good drought resistance, low canopy, drooping branches easy to harvest. Notably, it is very disease resistant, giving high yields of 5-7 tons/ha, with some gardens reaching over 8 tons/ha.
The good news spread far and wide, many coffee growers in the area came to visit the model, bought seedlings to graft and improve their gardens, leading to a shortage of seedlings. Realizing the high demand for seedlings in the market, in 2014, Mr. Cuong boldly built a nursery, grafted coffee shoots onto jackfruit coffee roots to sell seedlings. Each year, his family's nursery sells about 200,000 seedlings to the market.
On an area of more than 4 hectares of old coffee trees, Mr. Do Hoang Ngoc Nghia, Duc An village, Thuan An commune, has grafted and replanted the entire area with coffee vine shoots. After replanting, the coffee garden has a much higher yield than before, with 6 tons/ha. Mr. Nghia said that the coffee vine variety has many advantages over the old variety such as good disease resistance, especially mealybugs, scale insects, stem borers, fruit borers, leaf blight, etc. In particular, this coffee variety has very good drought resistance, large fruits, ripens evenly, and usually ripens one month later than other coffee varieties, so it is convenient for harvesting labor, bringing much higher economic efficiency than other coffee varieties in the area.
In 2017, the provincial agricultural sector certified the coffee variety of Mr. Nguyen Van Cuong's family as the mother tree; then the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment recognized the special circulation of the "Thuan An coffee variety", which was widely propagated and supplied to the market. In addition, Mr. Cuong's family is also responsible for caring for, managing, protecting and exploiting the variety according to the correct process, under the guidance of specialized agencies.
According to the Law on Cultivation 2018, plant varieties recognized for special circulation are those developed locally, with outstanding characteristics in terms of productivity and quality; good resistance to weather, pests, and diseases... These varieties must meet the main conditions such as specialty plants, indigenous plants, plants that have existed for a long time in production, and are recommended by the locality...
Currently, in addition to Mr. Cuong’s family’s coffee nursery, in Thuan An commune, many households have built coffee nurseries using grafted shoots from coffee, with a scale of 150,000-200,000 trees per year. Coffee varieties not only serve localities in the province, but are also widely supplied to the regional and national seed markets such as Dak Lak, Gia Lai, Dong Nai, Lang Son, etc. Many localities have oriented to replant coffee to improve varieties, replace old varieties, and gradually improve productivity and product quality.
According to the assessment of the leaders of the Department of Agriculture and Environment of Lam Dong province, the coffee vine is a native plant variety discovered, propagated, and monitored by the people of Thuan An commune for a long time; the results show many outstanding advantages compared to the existing coffee varieties in the locality. The fact that the coffee vine variety of Thuan An commune is allowed to circulate on special terms has created opportunities for the locality to develop new varieties; creating a legal basis for seedlings with clear origin and source to expand the area, improve productivity and quality, especially in replanting old, low-yielding coffee varieties.
According to Dr. Le Dang Khoa, Deputy Head of the Department of Science Management and International Cooperation, Tay Nguyen Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment's permission for Thuan An coffee variety to be circulated on a national scale is a great advantage for the locality, especially for the program of developing high-quality, specialty coffee. The provincial agricultural sector needs to synchronously deploy solutions for producers to grasp the advantages of this coffee variety in order to gradually expand it.
Source: https://baolamdong.vn/ca-phe-day-nang-suat-vuot-troi-384579.html
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